Studies of an array of PbF2 Cherenkov crystals with large-area SiPM readout

A. T. Fienberg; L. P. Alonzi; A. Anastasi; R. Bjorkquist; D. Cauz; R. Fatemi; C. Ferrari; A. Fioretti; A. Fankenthal; C. Gabbanini; L. K. Gibbons; K. Giovanetti; S. D. Goadhouse; W. P. Gohn; T. P. Gorringe; D. W. Hertzog; M. Iacovacci; P. Kammel; J. Kaspar; B. Kiburg; L. Li; S. Mastroianni; G. Pauletta; D. A. Peterson; D. Počanić; M. W. Smith; D. A. Sweigart; V. Tishchenko; G. Venanzoni; T. D. Van Wechel; K. B. Wall; P. Winter; K. Yai

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2015.02.028

Studies of an array of PbF₂ Cherenkov crystals with large-area SiPM readout

A. T. Fienberg
, L. P. Alonzi
, A. Anastasi
, R. Bjorkquist
, D. Cauz
, R. Fatemi
, C. Ferrari
, A. Fioretti
, A. Fankenthal
, C. Gabbanini
, L. K. Gibbons
, K. Giovanetti
, S. D. Goadhouse
, W. P. Gohn
, T. P. Gorringe
, D. W. Hertzog
, M. Iacovacci
, P. Kammel
, J. Kaspar
, B. Kiburg

L. Li, S. Mastroianni, G. Pauletta, D. A. Peterson, D. Počanić, M. W. Smith, D. A. Sweigart, V. Tishchenko, G. Venanzoni, T. D. Van Wechel, K. B. Wall, P. Winter, K. Yai

Producción científica: Article › revisión exhaustiva

44 Citas (Scopus)

Resumen

The electromagnetic calorimeter for the new muon (g-2) experiment at Fermilab will consist of arrays of PbF₂ Cherenkov crystals read out by large-area silicon photo-multiplier (SiPM) sensors. We report here on measurements and simulations using 2.0-4.5 GeV electrons with a 28-element prototype array. All data were obtained using fast waveform digitizers to accurately capture signal pulse shapes vs. energy, impact position, angle, and crystal wrapping. The SiPMs were gain matched using a laser-based calibration system, which also provided a stabilization procedure that allowed gain correction to a level of 10^-4 per hour. After accounting for longitudinal fluctuation losses, those crystals wrapped in a white, diffusive wrapping exhibited an energy resolution σ/E of (3.4±0.1)%/E/GeV, while those wrapped in a black, absorptive wrapping had (4.6±0.3)%/E/GeV. The white-wrapped crystals - having nearly twice the total light collection - display a generally wider and impact-position-dependent pulse shape owing to the dynamics of the light propagation, in comparison to the black-wrapped crystals, which have a narrower pulse shape that is insensitive to impact position.

Idioma original	English
Páginas (desde-hasta)	12-21
Número de páginas	10
Publicación	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volumen	783
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.02.028
Estado	Published - may 21 2015

Nota bibliográfica

Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Financiación

We thank Adam Para for the initial suggestion to test PbF 2 as a candidate material and for excellent advice on evaluating and choosing SiPM products. Tianchi Zhao negotiated the original contract with SICCAS and helped evaluate early samples. Carsten Hast, Keith Jobe and Zenon Szalata hosted this effort at the SLAC ESTB facility, which is supported under Department of Energy (DOE) contract DE-AC02-76SF00515 . This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) MRI program ( PHY-1337542 ), by the DOE Offices of Nuclear ( DE-FG02-97ER41020 ) and High-Energy Physics ( DE-SC0008037 ), by the NSF Physics Division ( PHY-1205792 , PHY-1307328 , PHY-1307196 , DGE-1144153 ), by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy) , and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 11375115 ) and the Shanghai Pujiang Program ( 13PJ1404200 ).

Financiadores	Número del financiador
DOE Offices of Nuclear	DE-FG02-97ER41020
Shanghai Pujiang Program, China	13PJ1404200
National Science Foundation Arctic Social Science Program	PHY-1337542
U.S. Department of Energy EPSCoR	DE-AC02-76SF00515
Division of Nuclear Physics	PHY-1307328, DGE-1144153, PHY-1307196, PHY-1205792
Institute for High Energy Physics	DE-SC0008037
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)	11375115
Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Instrumentation

Acceder al documento

10.1016/j.nima.2015.02.028

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Fienberg, A. T., Alonzi, L. P., Anastasi, A., Bjorkquist, R., Cauz, D., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fioretti, A., Fankenthal, A., Gabbanini, C., Gibbons, L. K., Giovanetti, K., Goadhouse, S. D., Gohn, W. P., Gorringe, T. P., Hertzog, D. W., Iacovacci, M., Kammel, P., Kaspar, J., ... Yai, K. (2015). Studies of an array of PbF₂ Cherenkov crystals with large-area SiPM readout. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 783, 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.02.028

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title = "Studies of an array of PbF2 Cherenkov crystals with large-area SiPM readout",

abstract = "The electromagnetic calorimeter for the new muon (g-2) experiment at Fermilab will consist of arrays of PbF2 Cherenkov crystals read out by large-area silicon photo-multiplier (SiPM) sensors. We report here on measurements and simulations using 2.0-4.5 GeV electrons with a 28-element prototype array. All data were obtained using fast waveform digitizers to accurately capture signal pulse shapes vs. energy, impact position, angle, and crystal wrapping. The SiPMs were gain matched using a laser-based calibration system, which also provided a stabilization procedure that allowed gain correction to a level of 10-4 per hour. After accounting for longitudinal fluctuation losses, those crystals wrapped in a white, diffusive wrapping exhibited an energy resolution σ/E of (3.4±0.1)\%/E/GeV, while those wrapped in a black, absorptive wrapping had (4.6±0.3)\%/E/GeV. The white-wrapped crystals - having nearly twice the total light collection - display a generally wider and impact-position-dependent pulse shape owing to the dynamics of the light propagation, in comparison to the black-wrapped crystals, which have a narrower pulse shape that is insensitive to impact position.",

keywords = "Electromagnetic calorimeter, Lead-fluoride crystals, Silicon photomultiplier",

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Fienberg, AT, Alonzi, LP, Anastasi, A, Bjorkquist, R, Cauz, D, Fatemi, R, Ferrari, C, Fioretti, A, Fankenthal, A, Gabbanini, C, Gibbons, LK, Giovanetti, K, Goadhouse, SD, Gohn, WP, Gorringe, TP, Hertzog, DW, Iacovacci, M, Kammel, P, Kaspar, J, Kiburg, B, Li, L, Mastroianni, S, Pauletta, G, Peterson, DA, Počanić, D, Smith, MW, Sweigart, DA, Tishchenko, V, Venanzoni, G, Van Wechel, TD, Wall, KB, Winter, P & Yai, K 2015, 'Studies of an array of PbF₂ Cherenkov crystals with large-area SiPM readout', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 783, pp. 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.02.028

TY - JOUR

T1 - Studies of an array of PbF2 Cherenkov crystals with large-area SiPM readout

AU - Fienberg, A. T.

AU - Alonzi, L. P.

AU - Anastasi, A.

AU - Bjorkquist, R.

AU - Cauz, D.

AU - Fatemi, R.

AU - Ferrari, C.

AU - Fioretti, A.

AU - Fankenthal, A.

AU - Gabbanini, C.

AU - Gibbons, L. K.

AU - Giovanetti, K.

AU - Goadhouse, S. D.

AU - Gohn, W. P.

AU - Gorringe, T. P.

AU - Hertzog, D. W.

AU - Iacovacci, M.

AU - Kammel, P.

AU - Kaspar, J.

AU - Kiburg, B.

AU - Li, L.

AU - Mastroianni, S.

AU - Pauletta, G.

AU - Peterson, D. A.

AU - Počanić, D.

AU - Smith, M. W.

AU - Sweigart, D. A.

AU - Tishchenko, V.

AU - Venanzoni, G.

AU - Van Wechel, T. D.

AU - Wall, K. B.

AU - Winter, P.

AU - Yai, K.

PY - 2015/5/21

Y1 - 2015/5/21

N2 - The electromagnetic calorimeter for the new muon (g-2) experiment at Fermilab will consist of arrays of PbF2 Cherenkov crystals read out by large-area silicon photo-multiplier (SiPM) sensors. We report here on measurements and simulations using 2.0-4.5 GeV electrons with a 28-element prototype array. All data were obtained using fast waveform digitizers to accurately capture signal pulse shapes vs. energy, impact position, angle, and crystal wrapping. The SiPMs were gain matched using a laser-based calibration system, which also provided a stabilization procedure that allowed gain correction to a level of 10-4 per hour. After accounting for longitudinal fluctuation losses, those crystals wrapped in a white, diffusive wrapping exhibited an energy resolution σ/E of (3.4±0.1)%/E/GeV, while those wrapped in a black, absorptive wrapping had (4.6±0.3)%/E/GeV. The white-wrapped crystals - having nearly twice the total light collection - display a generally wider and impact-position-dependent pulse shape owing to the dynamics of the light propagation, in comparison to the black-wrapped crystals, which have a narrower pulse shape that is insensitive to impact position.

AB - The electromagnetic calorimeter for the new muon (g-2) experiment at Fermilab will consist of arrays of PbF2 Cherenkov crystals read out by large-area silicon photo-multiplier (SiPM) sensors. We report here on measurements and simulations using 2.0-4.5 GeV electrons with a 28-element prototype array. All data were obtained using fast waveform digitizers to accurately capture signal pulse shapes vs. energy, impact position, angle, and crystal wrapping. The SiPMs were gain matched using a laser-based calibration system, which also provided a stabilization procedure that allowed gain correction to a level of 10-4 per hour. After accounting for longitudinal fluctuation losses, those crystals wrapped in a white, diffusive wrapping exhibited an energy resolution σ/E of (3.4±0.1)%/E/GeV, while those wrapped in a black, absorptive wrapping had (4.6±0.3)%/E/GeV. The white-wrapped crystals - having nearly twice the total light collection - display a generally wider and impact-position-dependent pulse shape owing to the dynamics of the light propagation, in comparison to the black-wrapped crystals, which have a narrower pulse shape that is insensitive to impact position.

KW - Electromagnetic calorimeter

KW - Lead-fluoride crystals

KW - Silicon photomultiplier

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