The Intracluster Light Analysis of the Most Evolved Systems of Galaxies: Fossil Groups

Nícolas O.L. de Oliveira; Yolanda Jiménez-Teja; Renato A. Dupke; Eleazar R. Carrasco; Anton M. Koekemoer; Yuanyuan Su; Jose Manuel Vilchez; Jimmy A. Irwin; Eric D. Miller; Lucas E. Johnson

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aded0c

The Intracluster Light Analysis of the Most Evolved Systems of Galaxies: Fossil Groups

Nícolas O.L. de Oliveira
, Yolanda Jiménez-Teja
, Renato A. Dupke
, Eleazar R. Carrasco
, Anton M. Koekemoer
, Yuanyuan Su
, Jose Manuel Vilchez
, Jimmy A. Irwin
, Eric D. Miller
, Lucas E. Johnson

Producción científica: Article › revisión exhaustiva

1 Cita (Scopus)

Resumen

We present the analysis of the intracluster light (ICL) in three fossil groups, RX J085640.72+055347.36, RX J1136+0713, and RX J1410+4145, at z ∼ 0.1. We used two optical broadband filters, F435W and F606W, observed with the Hubble Space Telescope, and spectroscopic data obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph to generate the ICL maps and measure the ICL fraction using CICLE, an algorithm developed to disentangle the ICL from the light of galaxies. We found ICL fractions of 9.9%-14.4%, 3.8%-6.1%, and 4.7%-10.7% for RXJ0856, RXJ1136, and RXJ1410, respectively. This behavior is not consistent with the presence of the ICL fraction excess previously observed in merging clusters, and is also inconsistent with the constant ICL fraction distribution characteristic of relaxed systems, although the values found are within the typical range expected for the latter. Instead, they show a significantly increasing trend with wavelengths over ∼3800-5500 Å, indicating that fossil groups are indeed old and undisturbed systems, even compared with regular relaxed clusters.

Idioma original	English
Número de artículo	L45
Publicación	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volumen	988
N.º	2
DOI	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aded0c
Estado	Published - ago 1 2025

Nota bibliográfica

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Financiación

Based on observations obtained at the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the U.S. National Science Foundation on behalf of the Gemini Observatory partnership: the U.S. National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Argentina), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea). Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey V has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Heising-Simons Foundation, the National Science Foundation and Participating Institutions. SDSS acknowledges support and resources from the Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah. SDSS telescopes are located at Apache Point Observatory, funded by the Astrophysical Research Consortium and operated by New Mexico State University, and at Las Campanas Observatory, operated by the Carnegie Institution for Science. The SDSS website is www.sdss.org . N.O. acknowledges financial support from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil) under the grant No. 141631/2020-1. Y.J.-T. and J.M.V. acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía CEX2021-001131-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and from the grant PID2022-136598NB-C32 Estallidos and project ref. AST22-00001-Subp-15 funded from the EU-NextGenerationEU. R.A. acknowledges partial support from CNPq grant 312565/2022-4 and NASA grants 80NSSC24K0484 and 80NSSC23K0291.

Financiadores	Número del financiador
Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
New Mexico State University, New York University
State Agency for Research
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia
Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva
NSF
National Science Foundation Arctic Social Science Program
Alfred P Sloan Foundation
National Research Council Canada (NRCC)
Carnegie Institution for Science
Heising-Simons Foundation
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía	AST22-00001-Subp-15, PID2022-136598NB-C32, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033
NextGenerationEU	312565/2022-4
National Aeronautics and Space Administration	80NSSC24K0484, 80NSSC23K0291
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico	141631/2020-1

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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title = "The Intracluster Light Analysis of the Most Evolved Systems of Galaxies: Fossil Groups",

abstract = "We present the analysis of the intracluster light (ICL) in three fossil groups, RX J085640.72+055347.36, RX J1136+0713, and RX J1410+4145, at z ∼ 0.1. We used two optical broadband filters, F435W and F606W, observed with the Hubble Space Telescope, and spectroscopic data obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph to generate the ICL maps and measure the ICL fraction using CICLE, an algorithm developed to disentangle the ICL from the light of galaxies. We found ICL fractions of 9.9\%-14.4\%, 3.8\%-6.1\%, and 4.7\%-10.7\% for RXJ0856, RXJ1136, and RXJ1410, respectively. This behavior is not consistent with the presence of the ICL fraction excess previously observed in merging clusters, and is also inconsistent with the constant ICL fraction distribution characteristic of relaxed systems, although the values found are within the typical range expected for the latter. Instead, they show a significantly increasing trend with wavelengths over ∼3800-5500 {\AA}, indicating that fossil groups are indeed old and undisturbed systems, even compared with regular relaxed clusters.",

author = "\{de Oliveira\}, \{N{\'i}colas O.L.\} and Yolanda Jim{\'e}nez-Teja and Dupke, \{Renato A.\} and Carrasco, \{Eleazar R.\} and Koekemoer, \{Anton M.\} and Yuanyuan Su and Vilchez, \{Jose Manuel\} and Irwin, \{Jimmy A.\} and Miller, \{Eric D.\} and Johnson, \{Lucas E.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2025",

month = aug,

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doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/aded0c",

language = "English",

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T1 - The Intracluster Light Analysis of the Most Evolved Systems of Galaxies

T2 - Fossil Groups

AU - de Oliveira, Nícolas O.L.

AU - Jiménez-Teja, Yolanda

AU - Dupke, Renato A.

AU - Carrasco, Eleazar R.

AU - Koekemoer, Anton M.

AU - Su, Yuanyuan

AU - Vilchez, Jose Manuel

AU - Irwin, Jimmy A.

AU - Miller, Eric D.

AU - Johnson, Lucas E.

PY - 2025/8/1

Y1 - 2025/8/1

N2 - We present the analysis of the intracluster light (ICL) in three fossil groups, RX J085640.72+055347.36, RX J1136+0713, and RX J1410+4145, at z ∼ 0.1. We used two optical broadband filters, F435W and F606W, observed with the Hubble Space Telescope, and spectroscopic data obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph to generate the ICL maps and measure the ICL fraction using CICLE, an algorithm developed to disentangle the ICL from the light of galaxies. We found ICL fractions of 9.9%-14.4%, 3.8%-6.1%, and 4.7%-10.7% for RXJ0856, RXJ1136, and RXJ1410, respectively. This behavior is not consistent with the presence of the ICL fraction excess previously observed in merging clusters, and is also inconsistent with the constant ICL fraction distribution characteristic of relaxed systems, although the values found are within the typical range expected for the latter. Instead, they show a significantly increasing trend with wavelengths over ∼3800-5500 Å, indicating that fossil groups are indeed old and undisturbed systems, even compared with regular relaxed clusters.

AB - We present the analysis of the intracluster light (ICL) in three fossil groups, RX J085640.72+055347.36, RX J1136+0713, and RX J1410+4145, at z ∼ 0.1. We used two optical broadband filters, F435W and F606W, observed with the Hubble Space Telescope, and spectroscopic data obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph to generate the ICL maps and measure the ICL fraction using CICLE, an algorithm developed to disentangle the ICL from the light of galaxies. We found ICL fractions of 9.9%-14.4%, 3.8%-6.1%, and 4.7%-10.7% for RXJ0856, RXJ1136, and RXJ1410, respectively. This behavior is not consistent with the presence of the ICL fraction excess previously observed in merging clusters, and is also inconsistent with the constant ICL fraction distribution characteristic of relaxed systems, although the values found are within the typical range expected for the latter. Instead, they show a significantly increasing trend with wavelengths over ∼3800-5500 Å, indicating that fossil groups are indeed old and undisturbed systems, even compared with regular relaxed clusters.

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The Intracluster Light Analysis of the Most Evolved Systems of Galaxies: Fossil Groups

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