Translesion synthesis by yeast DNA polymerase ζ from templates containing lesions of ultraviolet radiation and acetylaminofluorene

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DNA polymerase ζ (Polζ) is required in a major lesion bypass pathway. To help understand the role of Polζ in lesion bypass, we have performed in vitro biochemical analyses of this polymerase in response to several DNA lesions. Purified yeast Polζ performed limited translesion synthesis opposite a template TT (6-4) photoproduct, incorporating A or T with similar efficiencies (and less frequently G) opposite the 3′ T, and predominantly A opposite the 5′ T. Purified yeast Polζ predominantly incorporated a G opposite an acetylaminofluorene (AAF)-adducted guanine. The lesion, however, significantly inhibited subsequent extension. Furthermore, yeast Polζ catalyzed extension DNA synthesis from primers annealed opposite the AAF-guanine and the 3′ T of the TT (6-4) photoproduct with varying efficiencies. Extension synthesis was more efficient when A or C was opposite the AAF-guanine, and when G was opposite the 3′ T of the TT (6-4) photoproduct. In contrast, the 3′ T of a cis-syn TT dimer completely blocked purified yeast Polζ, whereas the 5′ T was readily bypassed. These results support the following dual-function model of Polζ. First, Polζ catalyzes nucleotide incorporation opposite AAF-guanine and TT (6-4) photoproduct with a limited efficiency. Secondly, more efficient bypass of these lesions may require nucleotide incorporation by other DNA polymerases followed by extension DNA synthesis by Polζ.