Xantho-granulomatous mastitis preceded by cysts on ultrasound: Two cases with review of literature

Xantho-granulomatous mastitis (XGM) is a rare entity, only recently described in 2005. These lesions are often biopsied due to their clinical and radiological resemblance to breast cancer. With limited clinical experience, the etiopathogenesis and natural history of XGM remains unknown. We present two cases of pathologically proven XGM that were imaged at two time-points, with the findings alluding to the possibility of a precursor stage of cyst formation. In addition, we present a thorough review of all cases published to date and discuss the differential considerations and management implications of XGM.